Network termination/aggregation unit features, Ethernet is the undisputed, global choice for Metro Access Networks (MANs) and Local Access Networks (LANs). However, existing copper access networks do not facilitate an end-to-end high-bandwidth connection, creating a bottleneck. This bottleneck is the first mile of access. This refers to the access link (most often a TDM-based copper circuit) from the business customer’s office LAN to their service provider’s MAN. ADTRAN® affords service providers the ability to remove this bottleneck through the utilization of an improved data transmission standard. This standard, ITU-T G.998.2, is known as Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM). ADTRAN EFM over Copper (EoCu) defines a way to effectively and universally bond together, lower bandwidth copper loops or pairs of wires creating a Carrier Ethernet access connection. The solution is an alternative to costly fibre and microwave build-outs or expensive SONET/SDH access tariffs by leveraging existing infrastructure which speeds deployment time of the most sought after Ethernet service segment (100 Mbps). In addition, IT applications from email to streaming video have access connections trending to a downstream dominant usage pattern. High-Performance Ethernet is optimised for delivering high-capacity downstream bandwidth over an extended service reach to better align with the traffic demands associated with cloud computing as well as 4G mobile and DSLAM infrastructure backhaul.